Types of Pens:

1. Ballpoint Pens: Use a small rotating ball to deliver ink onto paper, offering a smooth and consistent writing experience. They’re versatile and suitable for everyday use.
2. Rollerball Pens: Use liquid ink that flows more freely than ballpoint pens, providing a smoother writing experience and often more vibrant colors.
3. Fountain Pens: Feature a nib that draws ink from a reservoir, offering a unique and elegant writing experience. They require a specific technique and are favored for their smooth writing and customization options.
4. Gel Pens: Use gel-based ink, providing bold and vibrant colors while offering a smooth writing experience similar to rollerball pens.
5. Marker Pens: Have a broader tip and are used for writing on surfaces other than paper, such as whiteboards, glass, or fabrics.

Features and Considerations:

1. Tip Size and Style: Pens come in various tip sizes and styles, from fine to bold points, suited for different writing preferences and purposes.
2. Ink Type: Different pens use various types of ink—oil-based, water-based, or gel-based—which affect writing smoothness, drying time, and color vibrancy.
3. Grip and Ergonomics: Some pens have ergonomic designs or rubberized grips for comfortable writing over extended periods.
4. Refillable vs. Disposable: Some pens are refillable, allowing the user to replace the ink cartridge, while others are disposable and discarded when the ink runs out.
5. Specialty Pens: Specialty pens include multi-function pens (with multiple colors or features in one pen), highlighters, or calligraphy pens designed for specific purposes.

Applications of Pens:

1. Everyday Writing: Used for note-taking, journaling, correspondence, or general writing tasks.
2. Office and Business Use: Essential tools for professionals in meetings, signing documents, or note-taking.
3. Artistic and Creative Use: Preferred by artists, designers, or calligraphers for creating artwork, illustrations, or decorative writing.
4. Promotional and Branding: Customized pens are popular as promotional items or branded merchandise for businesses.